barley yellow dwarf viruses การใช้

• The greenbug is the barley yellow dwarf virus, sugarcane mosaic virus, maize dwarf mosaic virus and millet red leaf virus.
• There are currently eight species in this genus including the type species Barley yellow dwarf virus-PAV . Plants serve as natural hosts.
• Other viruses that use ribosomal frameshifting for alternative protein expression include the barley yellow dwarf virus, potato leafroll virus, simian retrovirus-1, and coronaviruses.
• Barley yellow dwarf virus has binding between mRNA segments on its 5'end and 3'end ( called kissing stem loops ), circularizing the mRNA without any proteins involved.
• The "'Barley yellow dwarf virus-like cap-independent translation element ( BTE ) "'is an translation of genomic RNA and subgenomic RNA1 ( sgRNA1 ).
• "' Barley yellow dwarf "'is a plant disease caused by the "'barley yellow dwarf virus "', and is the most widely distributed viral disease of cereals.
• II . Carmoviruses, dianthoviruses, flaviviruses, pestiviruses, tombusviruses, single-stranded RNA bacteriophages, hepatitis C virus and a subset of luteoviruses ( barley yellow dwarf virus )  the flavi like group ( Flavivirata ).